Category: News Article

The Power of Virtual Reality in Enhancing Cognitive Health for Older Adults

Posted on | by Alysia Osoff, RN, MSN | Leave a Comment on The Power of Virtual Reality in Enhancing Cognitive Health for Older Adults

As the population ages, the search for innovative ways to support cognitive health in older adults becomes increasingly urgent. Virtual reality (VR) technology, once considered a tool primarily for entertainment and education, is now at the forefront of this movement. From reducing feelings of isolation to potentially delaying the onset of dementia, VR is proving to be a powerful ally in the fight against cognitive decline.

A New Dimension in Cognitive Care

Virtual reality offers a unique blend of immersive experiences that can stimulate both the mind and the body. Recent studies have shown that combining cognitive tasks with physical activities in a VR environment can lead to significant improvements in executive functions, memory, and overall cognitive health. For instance, research highlighted in Frontiers in Psychology reveals that dual-task VR applications, which simulate activities of daily living (iADLs), can enhance executive functions and memory by requiring users to engage in simultaneous physical and cognitive tasks. This combination has been shown to improve brain function through increased cerebral blood flow and neuroplasticity.

Moreover, VR’s ability to simulate real-world environments and activities offers older adults a sense of agency and engagement that is often lost as physical and cognitive abilities decline. The Pacific Neuroscience Institute has noted that VR exergaming, which combines exercise with interactive gaming, has the potential to slow cognitive decline in older adults. By making physical exercise more enjoyable and engaging, VR exergaming encourages sustained participation, which is crucial for maintaining cognitive and physical health​.

The Therapeutic Potential of VR Reminiscence

One of the most promising applications of VR in older adult care is its use in reminiscence therapy. This therapeutic approach traditionally involves showing older adults photos and other memorabilia from their past to stimulate memories and emotions. VR takes this a step further by immersing individuals in a fully interactive, 3D recreation of places and experiences from their youth.

A study published in The Gerontologist found that VR reminiscence therapy could significantly reduce anxiety, apathy, and cognitive decline in older adults living with dementia. By immersing individuals in familiar environments, VR helps to trigger memories and emotions that are often inaccessible through traditional means. The emotional and cognitive stimulation provided by these experiences can lead to improvements in mood, memory recall, and overall cognitive function​.

Addressing the Challenges of Cognitive Decline

As the research continues to evolve, it’s becoming clear that VR is not just a novel tool but a potentially transformative one in the realm of cognitive care for older adults. The combination of physical and cognitive exercises in VR settings offers a comprehensive approach to maintaining and even improving cognitive health. This is particularly important given the growing evidence that physical exercise, when paired with cognitive training, can lead to greater improvements in cognitive function than either intervention alone​.

However, challenges remain. Despite the promising results, widespread adoption of VR in older adult care is still in its early stages. Accessibility, cost, and the need for more robust clinical trials are significant barriers. Yet, the potential benefits are undeniable. As Dr. David Merrill from the Pacific Neuroscience Institute puts it, “Older adults really seem to like it — it’s an enjoyable experience that people tend to want to do again.”

The Future of VR in Older Adult Care

Looking ahead, the integration of VR into cognitive care programs for older adults is likely to expand. As technology becomes more accessible and the evidence base grows, VR could become a standard tool in the fight against cognitive decline. The eventual goal, as envisioned by experts like Dr. Merrill, is to see VR prescribed as a treatment for conditions like Alzheimer’s or other dementias, much like traditional medications.

What remains clear is that virtual reality offers a powerful, multifaceted approach to enhancing cognitive health in older adults. By combining physical and cognitive exercises, providing immersive reminiscence therapy, and offering new ways to engage with the world, VR is poised to play a significant role in improving the quality of life for older adults. As research continues to unfold, it’s clear that the future of cognitive care may well be virtual.

Sources:

Liao, Y.Y., et al. “Cognitive-Motor Interventions Based on Virtual Reality and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (iADL): An Overview.” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 12, 2021, article 632510.

Merrill, David A. “VR Games Could Offer Hope for Delaying Dementia.” Pacific Neuroscience Institute, 2024.

Doniger, Glen M., et al. “The Long-Term Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality Reminiscence in Older Adults with Dementia.” The Gerontologist, vol. 60, no. 7, 2024, pp. e502-e509.

Park, Hwan, et al. “Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Training Programs and Games on Cognitive Function.” BMC Psychiatry, vol. 23, 2023, article 4310.

Liao, Yang, et al. “Efficacy of Virtual Reality Technology Interventions for Cognitive and Physical Functioning in Older Adults.” Ageing Research Reviews, vol. 86, 2023, article 101231.

Aging with Purpose: Reimagining Spaces for Social Connection and Well-being

Posted on | by Patrice Woodard | Leave a Comment on Aging with Purpose: Reimagining Spaces for Social Connection and Well-being

As more Americans reach retirement age, the question of how to live a fulfilling life in later years is more relevant than ever. With over 11,000 people turning 65 daily in the United States, the need for spaces that foster social connection, lifelong learning, and well-being is critical. The creation of innovative senior centers like GenSpace in Los Angeles represents a significant step toward addressing these needs.

The Rise of Social Isolation and Its Impact

Research consistently highlights the negative impact of social isolation on older adults. According to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, loneliness and social isolation are linked to higher rates of mortality, cognitive decline, and chronic illnesses such as heart disease and depression. The importance of combating these issues cannot be overstated, as the physical and mental health risks associated with isolation are profound.

Community centers like GenSpace aim to counter these risks by providing a space where older adults can engage in various activities that promote social interaction and mental stimulation. The center’s founder, Wallis Annenberg, envisioned a place where seniors could gather to share their passions, learn new skills, and build meaningful connections. This approach is rooted in the understanding that social engagement is a key component of healthy aging.

The Power of Community and Creativity

The benefits of participation in community-based activities are well-documented. A study published in the Journal of Aging and Health found that regular involvement in community center activities can significantly improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Moreover, these centers often offer multigenerational programs, which help bridge the gap between different age groups and reduce age-related stereotypes.

GenSpace exemplifies this approach by offering a diverse range of programs, from fitness classes to horticulture and technology workshops. These activities not only engage the mind and body but also foster a sense of purpose and belonging among participants. As one member of GenSpace noted, “You’d think we’re teenagers again,” reflecting the joy and vitality that these programs can bring to older adults.

Redefining Senior Centers: A New Model for the Future

GenSpace’s innovative design and programming are reflective of a broader trend toward creating age-friendly spaces that promote healthy aging. According to a systematic review published in BMC Public Health, group-based interventions are particularly effective in reducing social isolation and loneliness. By focusing on both physical and social aspects of well-being, centers like GenSpace offer a comprehensive approach to supporting seniors as they age.

Furthermore, the design of these spaces plays a crucial role in their success. Research in the Journal of Urban Design highlights the importance of incorporating universal design principles to create accessible and welcoming environments for older adults. GenSpace’s airy atrium and sunlit rooms are not just aesthetically pleasing—they are deliberately designed to encourage interaction and movement, which are essential for maintaining physical and mental health.

A Call to Action: Expanding the Model

As the population of older adults continues to grow, there is a pressing need to replicate the success of GenSpace in other communities. Wallis Annenberg herself expressed a desire to see more spaces that “espouse this philosophy,” where older adults are encouraged to continue growing and learning. The benefits of such spaces are clear: they offer a way to combat social isolation, improve health outcomes, and enhance the overall quality of life for older adults.

The time has come for communities across the country to reimagine what it means to age well. By investing in innovative, inclusive spaces that promote social connection and lifelong learning, we can ensure that older adults have opportunities to thrive and live fulfilling lives.

Sources:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Opportunities for the Health Care System. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2020.

Anderson, Karen A., and Patricia M. Dabelko-Schoeny. “The Role of Community Centers in Promoting Social Engagement and Healthy Aging.” Journal of Aging and Health, vol. 31, no. 1, 2019, pp. 134–155.

Noice, Helga, et al. “A Randomized Controlled Trial of Theater Arts Activities to Enhance Cognitive and Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults.” The Gerontologist, vol. 58, no. 3, 2018, pp. e1–e10.

Gardiner, Clare, et al. “Interventions to Reduce Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Older People: An Integrative Review.” BMC Public Health, vol. 18, no. 1, 2018, p. 916.

Liu, Lena, and Michael J. Lapane. “Urban Design and Planning for Healthy Aging: The Role of Age-Friendly Community Initiatives.” Journal of Urban Design, vol. 24, no. 4, 2019, pp. 557–573.

A New Era in Geriatric Care: Addressing the Urgent Need for Specialized Training

Posted on | by Alysia Osoff, RN, MSN | Leave a Comment on A New Era in Geriatric Care: Addressing the Urgent Need for Specialized Training

The recent announcement by the Biden-Harris administration to invest over $200 million into geriatric care training is a monumental step forward in tackling the looming shortage of healthcare providers skilled in caring for older adults. This initiative, which is channeled through the Health Resources and Services Administration’s (HRSA) Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP), aims to enhance the skills of primary care doctors, nurse practitioners, and other health professionals to ensure they can meet the complex needs of older adults.

The Urgency of Geriatric Training

The U.S. faces a significant shortage of geriatricians. A comprehensive report by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) projects that by 2025, the demand for geriatricians will exceed supply by nearly 27,000 Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs)​​. This gap underscores the necessity of initiatives like the Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP), which aims to train primary care providers, nurse practitioners, and other clinicians in the nuances of geriatric care.

“For the Biden-Harris Administration, meeting the health care needs of older adults is a top priority,” stated HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra. The administration’s commitment is evident in its comprehensive approach that includes not only training healthcare professionals but also supporting family caregivers. This holistic strategy recognizes the pivotal role caregivers play in the healthcare continuum, particularly in managing chronic conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias​.

Integrating Geriatric Training into Primary Care

A significant aspect of the GWEP is its focus on integrating geriatric training into primary care settings. This integration ensures that primary care physicians, who often serve as the first point of contact for older adults, are well-prepared to manage the complex health needs of this demographic. The program emphasizes practical approaches to common geriatric problems, advanced care planning, pain management, and the differentiation between aging and disease processes​.

The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) has long advocated for such comprehensive training programs. AGS President, Dr. Mark Supiano, has highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in geriatric care. “Geriatricians often work collaboratively with other health professionals, including nurses, pharmacists, and mental health professionals, to provide high-quality, person-centered care,” he noted. This collaborative model is essential for addressing the multifaceted health issues faced by older adults​.

Supporting Caregivers

Beyond training healthcare providers, the initiative also focuses on empowering family caregivers. The GWEP aims to provide caregivers with the knowledge and skills necessary to support their loved ones effectively. This support is critical, given that caregivers often manage complex medical regimens and navigate the emotional challenges of caring for aging family members​.

The Impact that Training Can Have on Organizations and Older Adults

Skills training can have lasting benefits for both caregivers, organizations and its staff, as well as have improved outcomes for the older adults within their care. For example, with the Older Adults Skills Training Program, a virtual online skills training program that focuses on helping caregivers and professionals improve key skills like empathy, respect, and effective communication when engaging with older adults, is a shining example of how effective this type of skills training can be.

Senior Director, Amanda Krisher, LCSW-C shares how this training has shaped outcomes for participants, as well as older adults:

“We’ve had the opportunity to work with caregivers and organizations across a variety of settings that serve the aging population, and, in many cases, we’ve been able to effectively measure the direct and profound impact that this training has had on improving the lives of older adults and increasing the overall satisfaction for the care providers and professionals engaging with the older adults. For example, in Maryland, we saw a 40% reduction in staff turnover within six months post-training!  

In another training program we launched in Connecticut, there was a 17% increase in supervisor ratings of employee customer service, and no increase in PRN medication usage despite the pandemic and staffing shortages. In Colorado, an independent evidence-based study concluded that residents felt more respected, listened to, and better cared for by staff post-training, and there was a significant reduction in PRN medication use—28% in skilled nursing facilities and 46% in assisted living settings.”

These outcomes underscore just how effective skills training can be to the larger picture—driving measurable results in improving both the quality of care for older adults and the work environment for caregivers.

Research and Evidence-Based Practice

The commitment and importance of enhancing geriatric care is also reflected in ongoing research. Studies conducted by institutions like Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (KPWHRI) are exploring innovative approaches to managing health in older adults. For instance, research on reducing sitting time and its impact on blood pressure among older adults offers valuable insights into preventive health measures that can be incorporated into geriatric care practices​.

Moreover, the integration of evidence-based practice into geriatric training programs ensures that healthcare providers are equipped with the latest knowledge and techniques to manage the unique health needs of older adults. This approach aligns with the Institute of Medicine’s core competencies, which advocate for patient-centered care and the application of evidence-based practices​.

Conclusion

The Biden-Harris administration’s investment in geriatric care training, complemented by evidence-based skills training, represents a crucial step towards addressing the growing healthcare needs of the aging population. By enhancing the training of healthcare providers and supporting caregivers, these initiatives aim to bridge the gap between the supply and demand of geriatricians, ensuring that older adults receive the quality care they deserve. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, such forward-thinking strategies are essential for sustaining the well-being and independence of older adults across the nation.

For further reading and detailed resources, please visit the Health Resources and Services Administration, American Geriatrics Society, and Engage with® Skills Training Programs

References

  • Harvard Medical School. “40th Annual Review of Geriatric Medicine.” Continuing Education Catalog, Harvard University, 2024, cmecatalog.hms.harvard.edu/annual-review-geriatric-medicine.
  • American Geriatrics Society. “Healthcare Workforce.” American Geriatrics Society, 2024, www.americangeriatrics.org/healthcare-workforce.
  • American Geriatrics Society. “Training For Geriatricians.” American Geriatrics Society, 2024, www.americangeriatrics.org/training-for-geriatricians.
  • Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute. “Aging & Geriatrics.” KPWHRI, 2024, www.kpwashingtonresearch.org/aging-geriatrics.
  • Engage with®. “Older Adults Skills Training Program.” Engage with, 2024, engagewith.org/our-products/older-adults.

When Does Old Age Begin? Unpacking the Perceptions Across Generations 

Posted on | by Madison Tralka | Leave a Comment on When Does Old Age Begin? Unpacking the Perceptions Across Generations 

Old age is a concept deeply entrenched in societal and cultural beliefs, often varying significantly across different demographics and over time. Recent studies have illuminated these shifting perceptions, revealing that the age at which people consider themselves to be ‘old’ is steadily increasing. This article delves into the nuances of these findings, drawing on extensive research to provide a comprehensive view of how old age is perceived today. 

Shifting Perceptions of Old Age 

Historically, old age was often perceived to begin around the age of 50. However, contemporary studies indicate that this threshold has moved significantly. According to a study published by the American Psychological Association, “later-born participants reported a later perceived onset of old age.” For instance, individuals born in 1911 perceived old age to start at 71, whereas more recent generations view old age as beginning even later. 

This shift is supported by findings from NBC News, which reported that participants’ perceptions of old age have been consistently delayed over the past 25 years. The study highlighted that for every four to five years that passed, the perceived onset of old age shifted correspondingly later. 

Factors Influencing Perceptions 

Several factors contribute to these evolving perceptions of old age. Health, gender, and personal experiences play pivotal roles. Neuroscience News noted that “personal health, loneliness, and gender influence individual perceptions of when old age begins, with women generally perceiving old age to start later than men”. This aligns with findings from The Hill, which reported that “age, gender, and health status all played a role in a person’s perception of old age”. 

Health deterioration remains a significant marker of old age. The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that “worse health status and life satisfaction are associated with perceiving earlier onset of old age”. This suggests that individuals in better health and with higher life satisfaction tend to view old age as starting later. 

Cultural and Societal Impacts 

Cultural and societal factors also significantly influence perceptions of aging. Earth.com highlighted that “modern adults perceive the onset of old age to be later compared to previous generations,” a shift attributed to improved healthcare, better living standards, and more active lifestyles among older adults today. 

Furthermore, a global perspective reveals that cultural differences shape how aging is perceived. A study by the Center for Healthy Aging noted that younger people’s views on aging vary widely across cultures, indicating that societal norms and values deeply influence these perceptions. 

Psychological and Quality of Life Implications 

Positive perceptions of aging are strongly linked to better psychological health and quality of life. Research published in The Gerontologist demonstrated that “positive perception of aging is strongly associated with increased quality of life”.  Similarly, a study on rural older adults published by MDPI found that positive perceptions of aging are linked to better self-rated health, suggesting that how individuals perceive their own aging process can have tangible impacts on their well-being. 

Implications for Care Providers 

Understanding these shifting perceptions is crucial for those providing care to older adults. Service providers must recognize that the age at which individuals consider themselves ‘old’ is not static and can vary significantly based on personal and societal factors. Tailoring services to reflect these perceptions can enhance the effectiveness of care and improve the overall well-being of older adults. 

In conclusion, the perception of when old age begins is a complex and evolving concept influenced by health, societal changes, and cultural norms. As these perceptions shift, it is essential for society, and particularly those involved in the care of older adults, to adapt and respond to these changes. Embracing a more dynamic understanding of aging can lead to more effective care strategies and better quality of life for older individuals. 

References 

  • “Perceptions of Old Age Starting Later.” Neuroscience News, 22 Apr. 2024, neurosciencenews.com/aging-perception-psychology-25963/. 
  • “How old is old? Identifying a chronological age and factors related.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 26 Jul. 2021, agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jgs.17379. 
  • “People now think old age starts at 75: Study.” The Hill, 24 Apr. 2024, thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/longevity/4619382-people-now-think-old-age-now-starts-at-75-study/. 
  • “Association of Self-Perception of Aging and Quality of Life in Older.” The Gerontologist, vol. 64, no. 4, 2024, academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/64/4/gnad041/7111206. 

Nurturing Resilience: How Programs to Boost Positive Emotions are Revolutionizing Healthcare 

Posted on | by Madison Tralka | Leave a Comment on Nurturing Resilience: How Programs to Boost Positive Emotions are Revolutionizing Healthcare 

The COVID-19 pandemic cast a harsh light on the fragile state of mental well-being among healthcare workers. Overwhelmed by unprecedented demands, many found themselves battling burnout, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion. Amidst this crisis, innovative programs designed to boost positive emotions have emerged as critical interventions, aiming to foster resilience and improve the mental health of healthcare professionals.

The Emergence of Positive Emotion Regulation Programs

One of the prominent initiatives, the Positive Affect Regulation sKills (PARK) program, demonstrated promising results during its trial phase. Conducted with 554 healthcare workers across various facilities in Chicago, the study aimed to mitigate burnout by enhancing positive emotions. As reported in PLOS ONE, participants who immediately engaged with the program exhibited significant reductions in anxiety compared to those who delayed participation. Despite these encouraging outcomes, the study also highlighted a common challenge: low completion rates. Only 9.4% of participants completed all five weekly lessons, underscoring the difficulty of engaging healthcare workers in such programs.

Addressing Low Engagement Rates

The struggle to maintain high engagement levels is not unique to the PARK program. Research consistently shows that participation in mental health and well-being programs among healthcare workers tends to be low. A study exploring the relationship between patient satisfaction and nurses’ mental well-being, published in the Journal of Palliative Care, revealed similar trends. It emphasized that while interventions are beneficial, their success hinges on the active participation of the workforce.

The Role of Nature and Personalized Interventions

One innovative approach to enhance engagement involves integrating nature into mental health interventions. A research article conducted by C. Ong (2024) at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences explored the impact of nature experiences on the mental well-being of professionals. The findings suggested that nature-based activities significantly improve mental health, providing a refreshing and accessible way to combat burnout.

Examples of Nature-Based Activities:

  1. Garden Therapy: Engaging in gardening activities, such as planting flowers, vegetables, or simply tending to a garden, was shown to have a calming effect and improve mood. Garden therapy helps participants reconnect with nature, fostering a sense of accomplishment and peace.
  2. Nature Walks: Regular walks in natural settings, such as parks or forests, were found to reduce stress and enhance mental clarity. Participants reported feeling more relaxed and rejuvenated after spending time walking amidst greenery.
  3. Outdoor Meditation: Practicing mindfulness and meditation in outdoor environments, like a park or garden, significantly reduced anxiety and increased overall well-being. The natural surroundings provided a serene backdrop that enhanced the meditative experience.
  4. Nature-Based Art Therapy: Activities such as drawing, painting, or crafting with natural materials (e.g., leaves, stones) were effective in promoting creativity and reducing stress. This form of therapy allowed participants to express themselves creatively while benefiting from the therapeutic effects of nature.
  5. Animal-Assisted Activities: Interacting with animals in natural settings, such as farms or sanctuaries, helped reduce feelings of loneliness and stress. Participants found comfort and joy in spending time with animals, which contributed to their emotional well-being.

These nature-based activities highlight the potential of integrating the natural environment into mental health interventions. By providing diverse and engaging ways to connect with nature, these activities offer practical solutions to improve mental health and combat burnout among healthcare professionals.

Furthermore, personalized interventions tailored to the specific needs of healthcare workers have shown potential. In Ethiopia, a study on job satisfaction among nurses highlighted the importance of targeted training programs. These programs not only improved job satisfaction but also enhanced the overall quality of care provided.

Virtual Training and Resilience

Virtual training programs have also gained traction, particularly in the field of palliative care. According to a study published in Educación Médica, virtual interventions significantly improved the quality of life for palliative care providers by enhancing positive feelings and self-care practices. These findings align with the broader narrative that accessible, well-designed programs can play a crucial role in supporting the mental health of healthcare workers.

Compassion Fatigue and Mental Health Support

Compassion fatigue remains a pervasive issue among healthcare professionals, particularly those in mental health and caregiving roles. This condition, often described as the “cost of caring,” manifests as physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion resulting from prolonged exposure to the suffering of others. Addressing compassion fatigue effectively requires comprehensive support systems and innovative training programs tailored to the unique challenges faced by caregivers.

One promising approach is the implementation of virtual skills training programs, which offer flexibility and accessibility for healthcare workers and caregivers. Virtual training can significantly alleviate compassion fatigue by providing caregivers with practical tools and strategies to manage their emotional well-being.

Virtual Skills Training for Caregivers

Programs such as the Engage with® Older Adults and the Engage with® Older Adults at Home exemplify how virtual training can be leveraged to support caregivers and professionals that engage with older adults. These programs provide a fully immersive virtual learning experience designed to enhance caregivers’ skills in managing stress, improving communication, and fostering emotional resilience. By offering an interactive learning experience and real-time training with a certified trainer, such programs ensure that caregivers can access the training they need, regardless of their geographical location.

Key Features and Benefits:

  • Flexibility and Accessibility: Virtual training programs can be accessed from anywhere with an Internet-accessible device, allowing caregivers to learn from any geographic preference, allowing them to skip travel time and costly expenses often associated with in-person training. This is particularly beneficial for professionals with demanding and irregular schedules.
  • Interactive Learning: Programs like Engage with® Older Adults incorporate interactive elements such as videos, engaging quizzes, and live, virtual simulations. These features enhance engagement and retention, making the training more effective.
  • Practical Tools and Techniques: Caregivers are equipped with practical strategies to manage stress and prevent burnout. These include mindfulness exercises, communication techniques, and problem-solving skills tailored to the challenges of caregiving.
  • Real-Time Support: Many virtual training programs offer real-time support through online forums, chat features, and virtual coaching sessions. Programs like Engage with® Older Adults provides a unique experience of learning from a live, certified instructor in real-time. This immediate access to support helps caregivers address issues as they arise, reducing feelings of isolation and helplessness.
  • Focused Content: The content is specifically designed to address common issues faced by caregivers, such as compassion fatigue, emotional burnout, and effective patient interaction. This targeted approach ensures that the training is relevant and immediately applicable.

Impact on Compassion Fatigue

Virtual skills training has been shown to have a positive impact on caregivers experiencing compassion fatigue. According to a study on virtual interventions in palliative care, these programs significantly improved the quality of life for healthcare providers by enhancing positive feelings and self-care practices. Similarly, the Engage with® programs equips caregivers with the skills to manage their emotional well-being, ultimately reducing the risk of burnout.

Dr. Jasmeet Singh’s research on compassion fatigue among mental health professionals emphasizes the need for resilience-building programs. Singh notes that “tailored mental health support systems are crucial for helping professionals cope with the emotional demands of their work”. Virtual training programs align with this recommendation by providing personalized, accessible support that caregivers can integrate into their daily routines.

Bridging the Gap: Effective Implementation

To truly harness the benefits of these programs, healthcare organizations must address the barriers to participation. This includes creating flexible, engaging, and easily accessible interventions that fit seamlessly into the demanding schedules of healthcare workers. The integration of nature-based activities, personalized training, and virtual programs offers a multifaceted approach to enhancing engagement and effectiveness.

Conclusion: A Path Forward

The collective findings from recent studies underscore a critical message: supporting the mental well-being of healthcare workers is not just beneficial but essential. As healthcare systems continue to grapple with the lingering effects of the pandemic, implementing robust, engaging, and accessible positive emotion regulation programs can make a profound difference. By nurturing resilience and fostering positive emotions, we can build a healthier, more sustainable healthcare workforce capable of providing the best care possible.

References

  • Cuartero-Castañer, E., Cañas-Lerma, AJ., and Casado, T. “Enhancing professional quality of life in palliative care through a virtual training program.” Educación Médica, 2024.
  • Jung, OS., Aiken, LH., Sloane, DM., Fridkin, SK., and Li, Y. “Studying the Relationship between Patients’ Satisfaction and Mental Well-Being of Nurses with the Job Burnout Mediating Role.” Journal of Palliative Care, 2023.
  • Moskowitz, JT., Jackson, KL., and Cummings, P. “Feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a positive emotion regulation intervention to promote resilience for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized waitlist-controlled trial.” PLOS ONE, 2024.
  • Ong, C. “Off work to unwind in nature.” SLU Studies, 2024.
  • Saliya, SA., Ashine, TM., and Heliso, AZ. “Professional quality of life and job satisfaction among nurses working at tertiary hospitals in central Ethiopia.” BMC Nursing, 2024.
  • Singh, J. “Compassion fatigue in mental health professionals in the United Kingdom: an occupational perspective, a qualitative exploration, and a psychometric evaluation.” Nottingham Trent University Repository, 2024.

Welcoming New Talent: Engage with® Skills Training Program Expands Its Team

Posted on | by Keri Boyer | Leave a Comment on Welcoming New Talent: Engage with® Skills Training Program Expands Its Team

In a significant move to bolster its mission of enhancing the lives of older adults through equipping those that care for and engage with them the necessary skills of empathy, respect, and effective communication, the Engage with® Skills Training Program has welcomed four new Certified Skills Trainers. This strategic expansion is set to increase the program’s capacity to meet the growing training needs of partnering organizations, particularly the Maryland Department of Aging and their State Longevity Ready Initiative. With their extensive experience and diverse backgrounds, these new trainers are poised to make a substantial impact on the program’s effectiveness and reach.

Building a Stronger Foundation for Older Adult Care

The Engage with® Skills Training Program, a national non-profit initiative of the Mental Health Association of Maryland (MHAMD), focuses on equipping direct care workers and service providers with crucial skills that improve the lives of older adults they serve. As Amanda Krisher, Senior Director of the program, emphasized in a recent podcast interview, the program’s core values are rooted in empathy, respect, and effective communication. The integration of these values into training modules helps create a more compassionate and understanding workforce, ultimately enhancing the quality of care provided to older adults and improving the overall job satisfaction for the staff members.

“Our training is conducted on a virtual platform built on a gaming system, where participants create and customize avatars to represent themselves. Our Certified Skills Trainers guide them through interactive conversations in real-time.
Unlike many traditional long-term care and aging services training curricula, which often rely on brief videos and quizzes, our unique approach focuses on providing a comprehensive experience. Our Certified Skills Trainers ensure that participants have ample opportunities to practice the skills we teach, which is crucial for effective learning and understanding how to respectfully engage with older adults. The success of this program would not be possible without the team of talented skills trainers that we’ve developed here at Engage with!“

Amanda Krisher, LCSW-C, Senior Director,
     Engage with® Skills Training Programs

Meet the New Certified Skills Trainers

Jill Kluesner, MA, CRC, Certified Skills Trainer (Contractor)

With over 15 years of experience in public health programming, Jill Kluesner brings a wealth of knowledge to the Engage with® team. Her expertise spans curriculum development, public health education, and program implementation. Jill has worked with the National Council for Mental Wellbeing to create and pilot diverse training experiences, including Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) programs. Her commitment to advancing public health education and supporting instructor development is evident in her role as a mentor and national trainer. Jill’s background in Rehabilitation Counseling and Public Health, combined with her practical experience, makes her a valuable asset to the team.

Soumya Palreddy, PhD, Certified Skills Trainer (Contractor)

Soumya Palreddy is a licensed psychologist and restorative justice practitioner with a passion for promoting transformative change in communities. Her experience includes facilitating restorative justice implementation, addressing inequities, and fostering cultures of care in various settings. As a National Trainer for MHFA, Soumya has been instrumental in updating training programs and developing train-the-trainer initiatives. Her previous roles, including Associate Director at University Health Services at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, highlight her leadership and expertise in mental health education.

Suzanne Perlman, MA, Certified Skills Trainer (Contractor)

An expert in curricula development and training program facilitation, Suzanne Perlman has over 20 years of experience in promoting equity and access. Her work focuses on designing innovative curricula for diverse communities, including Indigenous, older adult, and rural populations. Suzanne’s national training efforts have reached thousands, providing mentorship and technical assistance to ensure programs meet the evolving needs of various groups. Her background in behavioral health system transformation further underscores her ability to drive meaningful change in public health education.

Rachel Taube, MSW, Certified Skills Trainer (Contractor)

Rachel Taube’s dedication to mental health education and community engagement is reflected in her extensive experience as a national facilitator. With a strong foundation in social work, Rachel specializes in bridging the gap between theory and practice, connecting communities with evidence-based tools. Her educational journey, which includes degrees from Valparaiso University and Washington University in St. Louis, has equipped her with the skills to effectively translate knowledge into practice, enhancing the overall impact of training programs.

Enhancing Training through Technology and Empathy

Engage with® Skills Training Program leverages technology to create immersive and scalable training experiences. By using a virtual platform that allows participants to interact through avatars, the program provides a unique environment for older adult care workers and service providers to practice and refine their skills. This method not only enhances engagement but also ensures that training is accessible and impactful.

Looking Ahead

With the addition of these highly skilled trainers, the Engage with® Skills Training Program is well-positioned to expand its reach and effectiveness. The program’s commitment to fostering empathy, respect, and effective communication remains at the forefront of its mission, ensuring that direct care workers and service providers are well-equipped to meet the needs of the aging population. The expertise and dedication of the new skills trainers will undoubtedly contribute to the program’s continued success and its positive impact on the older adult care industry.

The Silent Crisis: Addressing Behavioral Health Challenges Among Older Adults

Posted on | by Madison Tralka | Leave a Comment on The Silent Crisis: Addressing Behavioral Health Challenges Among Older Adults

As the older generation continues to age, the demographic landscape of the United States is shifting dramatically. As of 2024, there are currently approximately 62 million adults ages 65 and older living in the U.S., according to the research released by the Pew Research Center, leading to Older adults now making up over 18 percent of the population.  Recent studies predict that the U.S. Centenarian population is expected to quadruple over the next 30 years and with this growth comes a critical need to address their behavioral health concerns. The recent SAMHSA report, “Behavioral Health among Older Adults: Results from the 2021 and 2022 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health,” sheds light on the pressing issues of substance use and mental health in this age group, revealing a silent crisis that demands our attention.

Unveiling the Statistics

The SAMHSA report provides a comprehensive analysis of substance use and mental health issues among older adults. According to the report, approximately 12.5% of older adults had a mental illness in the past year, with serious mental illness affecting around 2%. Substance use disorders were prevalent in 9.1% of this population, with 5.6% experiencing alcohol use disorder and 4.1% facing drug use disorder.

  • About 1 in 25 older adults had a drug use disorder (DUD) in the past year.
  • Fewer than 1 in 3 older adults that were classified as needing substance use treatments actually received it.
  • Of the older adults that received substance use treatments, nearly all (97%) did not think they needed it.
  • 2.7 million older adults had a major depressive episode in the past year, with females being twice as likely to experience one over their male counterparts.
  • About 1 in 50 older adults had serious thoughts of suicide in the past year.

These statistics are alarming, yet they reflect only a portion of the problem. Older adult females are more likely to suffer from mental illness, while older adult males have higher rates of substance use disorders. This gender disparity underscores the need for tailored interventions that address the specific needs of men and women in this age group.

Barriers to Treatment

Despite the high prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders, treatment remains elusive for many older adults. The SAMHSA report highlights that fewer than one-third of older adults who needed substance use treatment received it in the past year. Similarly, only about 46% of those living with any mental illness received treatment.

Several factors contribute to this treatment gap. Medical conditions associated with aging, significant life changes, and social isolation can exacerbate mental health issues. Additionally, stigma, cost, transportation difficulties, and challenges navigating the healthcare system pose significant barriers to accessing care. As noted in the report, “Older adults who might benefit from treatment also typically did not perceive that they needed it.”

The Impact of Loneliness

Loneliness is a significant concern for older adults, as highlighted in both the SAMHSA report and a study by researchers at the Indiana University School of Medicine. The study found that loneliness is significantly associated with lower mental and physical quality of life among older adults. This finding aligns with the broader themes of the SAMHSA report, which emphasizes the adverse effects of social isolation on mental health.

The U.S. Surgeon General’s 2023 report on social connection further underscores the importance of addressing loneliness. It emphasizes the need for supportive connections, including friendships, community involvement, and the mental health benefits of connecting with pets. As we celebrated the first inauguration of Older Americans Month in May, this year’s theme, “Powered by Connection,” aptly highlights the multifaceted benefits of social interactions.

Gender Differences in Behavioral Health

The SAMHSA report and other studies consistently show gender differences in behavioral health among older adults. Women are more likely to experience mental health issues, while men have higher rates of substance use disorders. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective interventions.

In a comprehensive review by the University  of St. Augustine for Health Sciences (USAHS), it was noted that “33.5% of adults with a mental illness also reported a substance use disorder in 2021.” This statistic highlights the complex interplay between mental health and substance use, particularly among older adults. Addressing these co-occurring disorders requires a holistic approach that considers both mental and physical health.

The Role of Primary Care

Primary care clinicians play a pivotal role in addressing the behavioral health needs of older adults. As suggested by the Indiana University study, clinicians should actively discuss loneliness with their older patients and provide resources to help them develop and maintain meaningful social relationships. This proactive approach can help mitigate the adverse effects of loneliness and improve overall mental health.

Moving Forward

Addressing the behavioral health challenges among older adults requires a multifaceted approach that includes increasing awareness, reducing stigma, and improving access to care. Service providers must focus on:

  1. Education and Awareness: Educating older adults about the risks of substance use and the importance of mental health care is crucial. Reducing stigma around these issues can encourage more individuals to seek help.
  2. Improving Access: Addressing barriers such as cost, transportation, and healthcare navigation is essential to ensure that older adults receive the care they need.
  3. Targeted Interventions: Developing interventions tailored to high-risk groups, particularly older males for substance use disorders and older females for mental health issues, can help mitigate these problems effectively.
  4. Support for Caregivers: Providing resources and support for caregivers is vital, as they play a key role in the well-being of older adults.

As the population of older adults continues to grow, addressing their behavioral health needs becomes increasingly urgent. By understanding and addressing the challenges highlighted in the SAMHSA report and other studies, we can improve the quality of life for this vulnerable population and ensure they receive the care and support they deserve.

References:

Navigating the Delicate Balance: Antihypertensive Medications and the Risk of Falls and Fractures in Older Adults

Posted on | by Alysia Osoff, RN, MSN | Leave a Comment on Navigating the Delicate Balance: Antihypertensive Medications and the Risk of Falls and Fractures in Older Adults


In the intricate landscape of older adult care, the management of hypertension presents a significant challenge, especially when weighed against the risks of falls and fractures. Recent studies have shed light on the delicate balance healthcare providers must maintain to safeguard the health of older adults, particularly those residing in long-term care centers and those with dementia.

Elevated Risks with Antihypertensive Medications

A comprehensive study published in JAMA Internal Medicine highlights a stark reality: aging adults in long-term care centers who start antihypertensive medications face significantly higher risks of falls and fractures. This study, involving data from over 29,000 older adults in long-term care centers in the Veterans Health Administration, revealed that the incidence rate of fractures in those initiating antihypertensive therapy was 5.4 per 100 person-years, compared to just 2.2 in those not on these medications.

Dr. Muna Thalji Canales, a researcher at the Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, emphasized the need for caution. “Ultimately, the question of how to treat blood pressure in older adults remains one that must be individualized,” she noted. The study’s findings underscore the necessity for additional monitoring and a tailored approach when managing hypertension in this vulnerable population.

Specific Vulnerabilities: Dementia and Blood Pressure Thresholds

The risks are particularly pronounced among older adults with dementia. The same study found that for those with dementia, the hazard ratio for fractures skyrocketed to 3.28. Additionally, older adults with systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher and diastolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg or higher faced even greater risks, with hazard ratios of 3.12 and 4.41, respectively.

These statistics are echoed in multiple other studies, including one from HCPLive, which linked antihypertensive medication with an increased fracture risk among older adults. Similarly, research published in Wiley Online Library highlighted that hypertensive older adults are at a heightened risk of falls and fractures following the initiation of these drugs.

Practical Implications for Long-term Care Centers

The practical implications of these findings are profound. As Dr. Thalji Canales suggests, healthcare practitioners in long-term care centers should avoid rapid intensification of antihypertensive medication, allowing at least a month for older adults to acclimate to new doses. Monitoring orthostatic vitals around changes in blood pressure management, particularly in the first week, is also recommended. However, these ideal practices often face the harsh reality of limited staffing and resources in many long-term care centers.

A study published on BMJ Open supports these recommendations, showing that older adults face an increased risk of injurious falls when initiating antihypertensive medication. The necessity for continuous and thorough medication management cannot be overstated, especially in settings where older adults safety is paramount.

Balancing Benefits and Risks

The overarching theme across these studies is the critical need to balance the benefits of antihypertensive medications against their potential risks. While controlling high blood pressure is essential to prevent strokes and other cardiovascular events, the accompanying increase in fall and fracture risks must be carefully managed.

A thought-provoking commentary in Pharmacy Times stresses the importance of reviewing older adults histories before prescribing antihypertensive medications. This step is crucial to tailor treatment plans, a primary tenet of person-centered care, that minimize risks while effectively managing hypertension.

Moving Forward: Individualized Care Plans

The path forward involves a commitment to individualized care plans, where the unique health profiles and needs of older adults are meticulously considered. Healthcare providers must be person-centered focused, and vigilant in monitoring and adjusting treatment plans, ensuring that the initiation of antihypertensive medication does not inadvertently compromise patient safety.

In conclusion, the intersection of antihypertensive medication use and fall/fracture risks in older adults, especially those living with dementia, highlights a critical area of older adult care. By embracing a patient-centric approach and advocating for the necessary resources and staffing, we can better navigate this delicate balance, ultimately enhancing the quality of life and safety for our elderly population.

References:

  1. Butt, D. A., Mamdani, M., Austin, P. C., Tu, K., Gomes, T., & Glazier, R. H. (2015). Benefits and risks of antihypertensive medications in the elderly. Journal of Internal Medicine, 278(1), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12446
  2. Dhanani, S., Schultz, J., Abramowitz, M. K., & Canales, M. T. (2024). Antihypertensive medication and fracture risk in older veterans. JAMA Internal Medicine. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38648065/
  3. Leipzig, R. M., Cumming, R. G., & Tinetti, M. E. (2014). Antihypertensive medications and serious fall injuries in a nationally representative sample of older adults. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(4), 588-595. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/1832197
  4. Maricic, M., & Simon, J. A. (2024). Antihypertensive medication linked to fracture risk among older adults. HCPLive. Retrieved from https://www.hcplive.com/view/antihypertensive-medication-linked-to-fracture-risk-among-older-adults
  5. Saraf, A. A., Petersen, N. J., Sargis, R. M., & Baillargeon, J. G. (2014). Antihypertensives linked to serious fall risk in elderly patients. Pharmacy Times. Retrieved from https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/antihypertensives-linked-to-serious-fall-risk-in-elderly-patients
  6. Slattum, P. W., Johnson, C. L., & Cutson, T. M. (2023). Blood pressure meds raise fracture risks for those in nursing homes. Home News Here. Retrieved from https://homenewshere.com/national/health/article_8bed84b9-b989-5794-81c3-6d730b7802c6.html
  7. Steinman, M. A., Hanlon, J. T., & Schmader, K. E. (2014). Deprescribing. UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/deprescribing
  8. Welsh, T. J., Gladman, J. R., & Gordon, A. L. (2024). Antihypertensive medication use linked to increased fracture risk in nursing home residents with dementia. Skilled Nursing News. Retrieved from https://skillednursingnews.com/2024/04/antihypertensive-medication-use-linked-to-increased-fracture-risk-in-home-residents-with-dementia/
  9. Woolcott, J. C., Richardson, K. J., Wiens, M. O., Patel, B., Marin, J., Khan, K. M., & Marra, C. A. (2009). Association between gaps in antihypertensive medication and risk of falls. BMJ Open, 9(3), e022927. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/3/e022927

Empowering Older Adult Care Through Game-Based Learning: Interview with Filament Games at CES 2024

Posted on | by Rashad Adams | Leave a Comment on Empowering Older Adult Care Through Game-Based Learning: Interview with Filament Games at CES 2024


In the bustling atmosphere of this year’s Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, innovation takes center stage, showcasing the latest breakthroughs in technology. Amidst the cutting-edge displays and high-tech demonstrations, one interview stands out for its profound impact on a critical aspect of society: the care of older adults. In the premiere episode of Season 7 of the Filament Games Podcast, Jennifer Javornik, Chief Partnerships Officer, sits down with Amanda Krisher, Senior Director of the Engage with® Skills Training Programs at the Mental Health Association of Maryland (MHAMD).

Krisher, who has over a decade of experience in direct practice and program management, brings a wealth of knowledge to the Engage with® program, a national non-profit initiative. The program focuses on training older adult care workers in empathy, respect, and effective communication. Her enthusiasm for CES is palpable, noting the event’s overwhelming yet inspiring atmosphere, particularly the innovations in gaming and older adult care.

Building Empathy Through Experience

Krisher’s experiences at CES underscore the importance of empathy in older adult care. She highlights an exercise she participated in, organized by AARP and the MIT Agelab, which simulated the physical challenges faced by older adults. This hands-on experience is crucial, she explains, in understanding the unique needs of the aging population. “It’s harder to maneuver, hear things, or see things,” Krisher notes, emphasizing the necessity of designing technology with these challenges in mind.

Leveraging Technology for Scalable Training

The Engage with® Skills Training Programs have embraced technology to enhance and scale their training initiatives. Originally conducted in person, the program transitioned to an online virtual platform in 2020. This shift allowed for greater scalability and accessibility. Built on a gaming platform, the training features avatars and interactive scenarios, providing a unique and engaging learning experience. Krisher explains, “Our training takes place in a virtual platform… everyone comes in as an avatar. They have a chance to customize that avatar and find somebody that really represents them.”

This approach diverges from traditional microlearning methods, focusing instead on creating immersive experiences where participants can practice skills in a safe environment. This method allows for mistakes to be made and learned from without real-world consequences.

Game-Based Learning in Action

A standout feature of the skills training program is the “Demonstrating Respect” game, which uses a choose-your-own-adventure format to teach respect and effective care. Participants interact with virtual older adults, making choices that influence the outcome of the scenario. This interactive method helps care workers understand the diverse needs and preferences of older adults. One memorable character, Joe, a stern army veteran, requires a different approach compared to Sally, a cheerful and friendly character. This diversity in interactions teaches care workers to tailor their approach to each individual.

Impact and Results

The results of this game-based learning approach are significant. Studies conducted by independent evaluators contracted by MHAMD show a reduction in staff turnover rates and improvements in customer service skills. Krisher shares that after implementing the training, staff members felt better equipped to handle challenging situations without immediately resorting to medication. This has led to a notable decrease in PRN (pro re nata) medication use, particularly in assisted living centers.

Moreover, staff retention rates have improved dramatically. In one study, 76% of staff members who received the training were still employed over a year later, a remarkable achievement in an industry known for high turnover rates. This retention is attributed to staff feeling valued and better prepared for their roles.

Advice for Implementing Game-Based Learning

For those considering a game-based learning approach, Krisher advises balancing information delivery with interactive experiences. “Game-based training is how we move the needle,” she asserts, highlighting the importance of providing opportunities for practice and small wins. This approach not only makes training more engaging but also ensures that participants can apply what they have learned effectively.

Conclusion

Amanda Krisher’s insights from the CES interview reveal the transformative potential of game-based learning in older adult care. By leveraging technology and focusing on empathy and respect, the Engage with® Skills Training Programs are setting a new standard in the industry. As Krisher aptly summarizes, empowering care workers through innovative training methods ultimately leads to better care for older adults, fostering a culture of respect and understanding that benefits everyone.

Harnessing the Power of Psychological Therapies to Combat Depression in Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care

Posted on | by Alysia Osoff, RN, MSN | Leave a Comment on Harnessing the Power of Psychological Therapies to Combat Depression in Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care


Depression among older adults in long-term care centers is a pervasive issue, challenging the wellbeing and quality of life of an aging population. Traditional approaches, predominantly pharmacological, have been the linchpin in managing these symptoms. However, an emerging body of research advocates a paradigm shift towards psychological therapies, which are proving to be not only effective but also possibly more humane and attuned to the psychological needs of older adults.

A systematic review conducted by the Cochrane Library sheds considerable light on the potential of psychological therapies to mitigate depression symptoms better than traditional non-therapy approaches in long-term care settings. The findings suggest that interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), behavioral therapy, and reminiscence therapy can significantly improve outcomes immediately after therapy and sustain these improvements for up to six months.

The compelling evidence from Cochrane’s extensive review aligns with findings from other notable studies. For instance, a 2016 systematic review published in PLoS One emphasizes that problem-solving therapy (PST) is a promising treatment for older people with depressive symptoms, which complements the broader narrative that psychological therapies could serve as viable alternatives to medication. This is particularly pertinent given the common side effects and often diminished efficacy of antidepressants in older adults as highlighted by a 2019 study in the British Journal of General Practice.

Moreover, research highlighted in Maturitas (2014) and International Psychogeriatrics (2023) corroborates the notion that psychological interventions are not only safe but effective in treating depression among the older adult population in long-term care. These interventions offer a dual benefit—a reduction in depression symptoms and an enhancement in the overall quality of life and psychological well-being of older adults.

Dr. Yvonne Wells from the Cambridge study underscores the significance of these findings, “Our systematic review demonstrated the positive impacts of psychological therapies on symptoms of depression in older people living in long-term care, both immediately after therapy and in the long term.”

However, despite the promising outcomes, the research consistently points out the scarcity of high-quality clinical trials and the need for more robust methodologies to solidify these findings. The Cochrane review itself notes the limited confidence in the evidence, due to the small sample sizes and inconsistent methods employed across studies. This calls for an urgent need to invest in comprehensive, well-designed clinical trials to further validate and refine these psychological interventions.

As we look to the future, it becomes increasingly clear that an integrated approach, involving a mix of psychological therapies tailored to the individual needs of older adults, could revolutionize the way depression is treated in long-term care settings. This could not only alleviate the burden of depression on our aging population but also enhance their quality of life.

In summary, the shift towards psychological therapies represents a critical evolution in the care of older adults with depression. It is an approach that aligns with a broader, more holistic view of health care—one that considers the mental, emotional, and social needs of individuals as integral to their overall health and wellbeing. As this field continues to evolve, it is imperative that all stakeholders from healthcare providers to policymakers take heed of the evidence and push forward with the necessary research and resources to implement these changes effectively.

References:

  1. Cochrane Library. “Are psychological therapies effective in reducing depression in older adults living in long-term care?” Accessed from: Cochrane Library Review
  2. Jonsson, U., Bertilsson, G., Allard, P., Gyllensvärd, H., Söderlund, A., Tham, A., Andersson, G. (2016). “Psychological treatment of depression in people aged 65 years and over: a systematic review of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness.” PLoS One. Accessed from: PLoS One Article
  3. Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Pot, A.M., Park, M., Reynolds, C.F. (2014). “Managing depression in older age: psychological interventions.” Maturitas. Accessed from: Maturitas
  4. Wells, Y., Davison, T., Bhar, S., Doyle, C., You, E., Barson, F. (2023). “Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long-term care settings: Are they effective?” International Psychogeriatrics. Accessed from: International Psychogeriatrics
  5. Frost, R., Beattie, A., Bhanu, C., Walters, K. (2019). “Management of depression and referral of older people to psychological therapies: a systematic review of qualitative studies.” British Journal of General Practice. Accessed from: British Journal of General Practice